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鄰里公園環境屬性與休閒活動類型對中高齡者健康影響之研究
Effects of neighborhood park environmental attributes and leisure activity types on the health of middle-aged and older adults
李夏、張伯茹、陶美吟、何立智
Hsia Li, Po-Ju Chang, Mei-Yin Tao, Li-Chih Ho
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【摘要】
因應高齡社會與都市化發展趨勢，鄰里公園已成為中高齡者最常使用的戶外活動場所。本研究結合問卷調查與影像分析技術，探討公園周邊環境屬性、中高齡者休閒活動參與與心理、生理及認知健康之關聯與影響機制。研究結果顯示：(1)自然環境除對心理與認知健康具有直接影響外，亦可能透過提升活動參與機會而產生間接影響；(2)不同休閒活動類型對健康之影響存在差異，其中運動與自然互動等活動對心理與認知健康具有正向效果，而社交與團體活動則可能對部分中高齡者產生負面影響；(3)不同健康構面之影響機制有所差異，生理健康主要與活動強度相關，而心理與認知健康則同時受到環境與社會關係之影響；(4)公園周邊環境屬性亦會影響個體到訪公園的頻率，其中植生指數及動物、花卉等自然元素有助於提升使用意願，而水體與地貌則可能降低到訪頻率。故鄰里公園之規劃應從「環境—行為—健康」之整體架構出發，強化自然元素配置並提供多元活動空間，以促進中高齡者之身心健康。本研究成果可作為未來高齡友善公園設計與都市綠地規劃之參考依據。
In response to population aging and urbanization, neighborhood parks have become the most frequently used outdoor spaces for middle-aged and older adults in Taiwan. This study integrates questionnaire surveys and image analysis techniques to examine how environmental attributes surrounding neighborhood parks and participation in leisure activities influence psychological, physical, and cognitive health. The results indicate that: (1) natural environments not only have direct effects on psychological and cognitive health but may also exert indirect effects by increasing opportunities for activity participation; (2) different types of leisure activities have varying effects on health, with physical exercise and nature-based activities showing positive associations with psychological and cognitive health, whereas social and group activities may have negative effects for some older adults; (3) the mechanisms differ across health dimensions, with physical health primarily associated with activity intensity, whereas psychological and cognitive health are influenced by both environmental and social factors; and (4) environmental attributes surrounding parks also affect visitation frequency, with vegetation indices and natural elements such as animals and flowers increasing visitation, whereas water bodies and landform features may reduce it. Accordingly, neighborhood park planning should adopt an integrated “environment–behavior–health” framework that emphasizes natural elements and provides diverse activity spaces to promote the overall well-being of older adults. The findings of this study provide valuable implications for age-friendly park design and urban green space planning.
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【關鍵字】
影像分析、中高齡者、環境屬性、休閒活動、健康狀態
Image analysis, Middle-aged and older adults, Environmental attributes, Leisure activities, Health status
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